Tunhma chuan Punctuation thenkhat - Comma, Semi-colon, Colon leh Fullstop te chhiar laia chawlh rei leh rei loh tûr chhinchhiah nan an hmang tel thin. Tunah erawh chuan a rei leh rei loh lam hi kan dah pawimawh ta vak lo; thuziak tihdikna hmanrua atan kan hmang ta ber zawk. Chuvangin, Punctution chu thu reng reng a chhiartuin a ziaktu sawi tum tak a hriat nghal mai theihna tura thumal kara chhinchhiahna chi hrang hrang kan hman thinte hi a ni ti ila, Chamber's Dictionary- in,"the act or art of dividing sentense by points or marks,"a lo tih nen pawh a inmil viau awm e. Punctuation chu chi hrang hrang a awm a; a mal malin lo sawi den den ila.
1. Comma (,):
Comma hi thu sawi emaw, thu ziah emaw tifiah tura thumal hrang hrang tihhran ngai leh tlema thu hlawm hran deuh chin daidan tul daidan nana hman a ni. Sentence khat chauhvah pawh vawi tam tak hman a tul chang a awm thei a, hman tul miah lohna sentence pawh a awm thei. Thu a chian tho chuan tlem thei ang ber hman a tha. A hmanna tlangpui deuh chu hetiang hian:
(1) Comma chu thumal hrang hrang emaw, thil chi hrang hrang emaw tihhran nan an hmang.
Eg. Chi te, Chini te, sa te ka lei.
(2) Comma chu thu hlawm hrang daidan nan heti ang hian an hmang:
Eg. A pui apang, a lian a te, a tar a zurin kal vek tur a ni.
(3) Thu chu kohna a nih chuan comma dah zel tur a ni.
Eg. Vala, lo leng rawh.
(4) Mi thusawi sawi chhawn lehna chi hnih (khungna leh khungna te) hman dawn chiahah leh a tawpah zawhna leh makna leh full stop chhinchhiahna a awm loh chuan comma dah zel tur a ni.
Eg. Isuan, "Lazar, lo chhuak rawh," a ti a.
(5) Sentence bul tan nan emaw, clause bul tan nan emawa conjunction hman a nihin comma hman thin tur.
Eg. Tin, Mahse, Nimahsela, Chuvangin, Tichuan
2. Semi-colon ( ; ):
Semi-colon chu kan sentence phuah a kal mek laia thu dang hret emaw, a lehlam pang daih emaw kan lo sawi tawh chin tihkim leh belhchhah nana kan sawi zui zel dawn hian kan sawi tawh leh kan sawi zui tur daidan nan kan hmang thin.
1. Semi-colon hmanna tam ber chu kan thu sawi lai nena inzawmna nei, a sawi tum inkalh deuh si, conjunction zinga- mahse, nimahsela, erawh chu, amaherawhchu, chuti lo chuan, thung tihte hman hma chiaha clause emaw, sentence ni tawh tho emaw tawpah hman a ni.
2. Semi-colon chu thu kal mek nena inkalh ni chuang lo mah sela, thu hlawm kan ziah tak chiah chu tichiang tur emaw, tikim tur emawa thu hlawm dang sawi belh dawnah hian dah tur a ni.
3. Mi pahnih aia tam an hming leh an nihna emaw, an hming leh an awmna emaw sentence khatah indawta kan ziahin an hmingah comma a awm zel a tul avangin an nihna emaw, an awmna emaw tawpah chuan semi-colon dah zel a tha.
4. Bible bung leh chang hran dah tlarin a inkarah semi-colon-a daidan zel tur a ni.
3. Colon ( : ):
Thu sawi tur tak sawi hmaa a huap zau zawk- a tlangpui emaw, a kalhmang emaw hmanga sawi hawnna tawpah colon hi hman a ni thin. A huap zau leh deuhvah phei chuan colon leh dash an hmang kawp thin.
4. Full stop (.):
Tawpna chhinchhiahna hi a hmanna pui ber chu sentence tawpah a ni. Tawpna chhinchhiahna ang chiaha chhunhan (dot) a awm bawk a, chu chu serial number leh roll number ding lam chiahah te, lam tawi hawrawp dawt chiahah te, decimal number hma chiahah te an dah thin.
5. Khungna (“ ”) leh khungna te (‘ ’):
Khungna hi mi thusawi an tawngkam ang taka sawi chhawn leh changa an sawi chin chiah khungna chhinchhiahna a ni.
Khungna te hi mi thusawi sawi chhawngtu sawi, sawi chhawn leh a nihin a sawitu hmasa zawk sawi chin zawng khung nana hman a ni.
6. Zawhna (?):
Zawhna chhinchhiahna hmanna turah hian zawhna tawngkam atana hman bik a awm a, chung chu sentence bul lamah emaw, a tawp lamah emaw hman tel a tul thin. Chung tawngkamte chu – eng, engah nge, eng vangin nge, khawiah nge, tu, em, maw, nge tih ang chi hi a ni, tam tak a awm. Zawhna tawngkamte hi thu kar lakah hman chang a awm thei a, chuti angah chuan dah a tul lo.
7. Makna (!):
Hei hi makna chhinchhiahna a ni a, uarna chhinchhiahna a ni mah zawk. Rilru khawih tak thil uar taka sawi chhuahna tawngkam tawpa dah thin a ni. Amaherawh chu, heng zawhna (?) leh makna (!) te hi ??!!! tia a thuaha hman ching an awm thin, ?! tia hmang te pawh an awm. Mahse ziak mite hi chuan hetiang chiam hi chuan an hmang ngai lo tlangpui. A mala hman tur a ni.
8. Hyphen (-):
Thu pahnih zawmna leh daidanna a ni.
1. Zawmna a nih dan:
Tlar khata hla thu leng chin tawpa thumal chu zawm thin a niha, a then a len loh chuan a zawm a awm tih tilang turin leh thu inzawm chi ni si lo zawm anga dah ngai si zawm nan leh thlah pawlh sawinaahte zawmna atan hman a ni.
2. Daidanna a nih dan:
Vowel-a tawp thumala ‘a’ leh ‘ah’ a beh (suffix) hian chu thumal thar chuan awmze phir a neiha chhiara a chian mai theih loh chuan chhiar sual leh ngaih sual a nih loh nan suffix chu hyphen- a daidan thin tur a ni. Figure leh Foreign word pawhin suffix a neih chuan a suffix nena daidan nan hyphen hi hman thin tur a ni bawk.
Hyphen hi a tlem thei ang ber hman tur a ni; chhiar sual leh ngaihsual theih tur chi-ah chauh hman a tha.
9. Dash (―):
Dash hi colon hmanna ang chi deuh thu note nei kamkeuna tawpah an dah thin. Hyphen nen a inang lova, a hmanna pawh a inang hek lo; a sei zawngah chuan hyphen let hnih vela sei a ni.
1. Point hrang hrang nei thu tlangpui tawpah colon nen hman thin a ni.
2. Thil chi hrang hrang sawi dawnin a hlawma sawina thu leh an sawi tur tak inkarah daidan nan an hmang thin.
10. Bracket te ( ):
Hei hi a hmaa thu tifiah tura ziah lan ngai si, chhiar tel kher erawh chu ngai lo thei kual khung nana hman a ni.
‘Mi pasarih (7) an lo kal’ tia kual khung chhunga a figure dah hi chin tur a ni lo, ‘pasarih’ tih hi a chiang tawk hle a ni. A figure ziah hmasak chu pawisa a nih erawh chuan tihsual palh ven nan bracket chhungah a thu ziah tho a tha.
11. Hawrawp banna ( ’ ):
Thu lam rik hnih, a pahniha lam ri lova a hawrawp thenkhat bana lam khata dah hian chung hawrawp ban then aiah chuan he chhinchhiahna hi dah tur a ni. Hawrawp banna hi chhiar sual phah leh ngaih sual theih tur chi ven nan chauh hman tur a ni.
12. Tlukna (=):
Chhiarkawp lamah hman a ni ber a, thu ziah pangngaiah chuan hman ve zeuh chang chu a awm.
13. Ditto ( ” ):
A chung chiaha mi ang tihna a ni a, heti ang hian an hmang thin.
14. Nambar indawt chhawn dan tur (order of numbering):
Lehkhabu leh thuziak dangah a thu ken azira thupui hrang hranga then sawm tul a awm thin a. Chutiangah chuan a then hranna kengtu atan nambar hman a ni thin. Thuziak thupui hrang hranga then sawm ngai chi-ah chuan a thenna nambar chi hrang hrang hman a tul thin a. Hetiang atan hian hman dan kawngpui zui tlan neih a pawimawh hle.
Hetiang hian:
Hlawmpui (part)
I II III Bung
1 2 3 Thensawm chhawng 1 na
1.
2.
Thensawm chhawng 2 na
(1)
(2)
Thensawm chhawng 3 na
(a)
(b)
Thensawm chhawng 4 na
(i)
(ii)
Point system pawh hman theih a ni tho.
15. Oblique (/):
Office thuchhuak lehkha nambar nei chi-ah chuan a lehkha hriat hranna atana a nambar ken figure daidan nan oblique (rin tung awn) hman a ni thin. Tin, ni leh kum daidan nan hman thin a ni bawk. Hetiang bakah hian thu ziak pangngaiah pawh oblique (/) hi hman fo a ni a. Thu ziak kara oblique tam tak awm thin hian lehkha chhiar a tinuam lo thei hle a, a theih chinah oblique hman hi pumpelh theih a tha hle ang a. Hman loh theih lohnaah chuan entirna chiang tak, hriat sual theih loh tura hman ni se.
Hetiang hian:
‘emaw’ tih nan:
L.C.D post 2/3 siam a ni dawn.
= L.C.D post 2 emaw, 3 emaw siam a ni dawn.
‘vel’ tih nan:
Chaw ei turin palai 4/5 rawn hruai ang che.
= Chaw ei turin palai pali panga vel rawn hruai ang che.
‘zelah’ tih nan:
Tunlaia Cement man Rs. 300/ bag a ni.
= Tunlaia Cement man chu Bag 1 Rs. 300 a ni.
‘ah’ tih nan:
Vawiina Sunday School kai zat chu 30/60 an ni.
= Vawiina Sunday School kai zat chu hming ziak 60 ah 30 an ni
16. Thluk seina (^):
Hei hi thluk sei chhinchhiahna a ni. Thumal hawrawp zinga vowel awm chu lam rik zawnga thluk a nih chuan chu vowel chungah chuan he chhinchhiahna hi dah tur a ni. Vowel pahnih pawh awm kawp se, thluk a nihna zawk zawk chungah dah tho tur a ni. Mizo tawng hi a thlukin kawngro a sut nasat avangin thluk sei chhinchhiahna hmang tel lo chuan thuziak a chiang kim thei lo va, chhiar dik a harsa thin. Chu vangin, thuziak uluk chi-ah chuan vowel ri fan chungah thlukna (^) dah thin a tha.
17. Figure, a thua ziah dan tur:
Nambar leh thil dang pawh a thua a zat kan ziahin heti ang hian ziah thin tur a ni. Unit tin zat chu a unit hming nen inzawma ziakin unit hrang hrang inkarah ‘leh’ dah thin tur a ni.
KC Lalruatdika
1. Comma (,):
Comma hi thu sawi emaw, thu ziah emaw tifiah tura thumal hrang hrang tihhran ngai leh tlema thu hlawm hran deuh chin daidan tul daidan nana hman a ni. Sentence khat chauhvah pawh vawi tam tak hman a tul chang a awm thei a, hman tul miah lohna sentence pawh a awm thei. Thu a chian tho chuan tlem thei ang ber hman a tha. A hmanna tlangpui deuh chu hetiang hian:
(1) Comma chu thumal hrang hrang emaw, thil chi hrang hrang emaw tihhran nan an hmang.
Eg. Chi te, Chini te, sa te ka lei.
(2) Comma chu thu hlawm hrang daidan nan heti ang hian an hmang:
Eg. A pui apang, a lian a te, a tar a zurin kal vek tur a ni.
(3) Thu chu kohna a nih chuan comma dah zel tur a ni.
Eg. Vala, lo leng rawh.
(4) Mi thusawi sawi chhawn lehna chi hnih (khungna leh khungna te) hman dawn chiahah leh a tawpah zawhna leh makna leh full stop chhinchhiahna a awm loh chuan comma dah zel tur a ni.
Eg. Isuan, "Lazar, lo chhuak rawh," a ti a.
(5) Sentence bul tan nan emaw, clause bul tan nan emawa conjunction hman a nihin comma hman thin tur.
Eg. Tin, Mahse, Nimahsela, Chuvangin, Tichuan
2. Semi-colon ( ; ):
Semi-colon chu kan sentence phuah a kal mek laia thu dang hret emaw, a lehlam pang daih emaw kan lo sawi tawh chin tihkim leh belhchhah nana kan sawi zui zel dawn hian kan sawi tawh leh kan sawi zui tur daidan nan kan hmang thin.
1. Semi-colon hmanna tam ber chu kan thu sawi lai nena inzawmna nei, a sawi tum inkalh deuh si, conjunction zinga- mahse, nimahsela, erawh chu, amaherawhchu, chuti lo chuan, thung tihte hman hma chiaha clause emaw, sentence ni tawh tho emaw tawpah hman a ni.
2. Semi-colon chu thu kal mek nena inkalh ni chuang lo mah sela, thu hlawm kan ziah tak chiah chu tichiang tur emaw, tikim tur emawa thu hlawm dang sawi belh dawnah hian dah tur a ni.
3. Mi pahnih aia tam an hming leh an nihna emaw, an hming leh an awmna emaw sentence khatah indawta kan ziahin an hmingah comma a awm zel a tul avangin an nihna emaw, an awmna emaw tawpah chuan semi-colon dah zel a tha.
4. Bible bung leh chang hran dah tlarin a inkarah semi-colon-a daidan zel tur a ni.
3. Colon ( : ):
Thu sawi tur tak sawi hmaa a huap zau zawk- a tlangpui emaw, a kalhmang emaw hmanga sawi hawnna tawpah colon hi hman a ni thin. A huap zau leh deuhvah phei chuan colon leh dash an hmang kawp thin.
4. Full stop (.):
Tawpna chhinchhiahna hi a hmanna pui ber chu sentence tawpah a ni. Tawpna chhinchhiahna ang chiaha chhunhan (dot) a awm bawk a, chu chu serial number leh roll number ding lam chiahah te, lam tawi hawrawp dawt chiahah te, decimal number hma chiahah te an dah thin.
5. Khungna (“ ”) leh khungna te (‘ ’):
Khungna hi mi thusawi an tawngkam ang taka sawi chhawn leh changa an sawi chin chiah khungna chhinchhiahna a ni.
Khungna te hi mi thusawi sawi chhawngtu sawi, sawi chhawn leh a nihin a sawitu hmasa zawk sawi chin zawng khung nana hman a ni.
6. Zawhna (?):
Zawhna chhinchhiahna hmanna turah hian zawhna tawngkam atana hman bik a awm a, chung chu sentence bul lamah emaw, a tawp lamah emaw hman tel a tul thin. Chung tawngkamte chu – eng, engah nge, eng vangin nge, khawiah nge, tu, em, maw, nge tih ang chi hi a ni, tam tak a awm. Zawhna tawngkamte hi thu kar lakah hman chang a awm thei a, chuti angah chuan dah a tul lo.
7. Makna (!):
Hei hi makna chhinchhiahna a ni a, uarna chhinchhiahna a ni mah zawk. Rilru khawih tak thil uar taka sawi chhuahna tawngkam tawpa dah thin a ni. Amaherawh chu, heng zawhna (?) leh makna (!) te hi ??!!! tia a thuaha hman ching an awm thin, ?! tia hmang te pawh an awm. Mahse ziak mite hi chuan hetiang chiam hi chuan an hmang ngai lo tlangpui. A mala hman tur a ni.
8. Hyphen (-):
Thu pahnih zawmna leh daidanna a ni.
1. Zawmna a nih dan:
Tlar khata hla thu leng chin tawpa thumal chu zawm thin a niha, a then a len loh chuan a zawm a awm tih tilang turin leh thu inzawm chi ni si lo zawm anga dah ngai si zawm nan leh thlah pawlh sawinaahte zawmna atan hman a ni.
2. Daidanna a nih dan:
Vowel-a tawp thumala ‘a’ leh ‘ah’ a beh (suffix) hian chu thumal thar chuan awmze phir a neiha chhiara a chian mai theih loh chuan chhiar sual leh ngaih sual a nih loh nan suffix chu hyphen- a daidan thin tur a ni. Figure leh Foreign word pawhin suffix a neih chuan a suffix nena daidan nan hyphen hi hman thin tur a ni bawk.
Hyphen hi a tlem thei ang ber hman tur a ni; chhiar sual leh ngaihsual theih tur chi-ah chauh hman a tha.
9. Dash (―):
Dash hi colon hmanna ang chi deuh thu note nei kamkeuna tawpah an dah thin. Hyphen nen a inang lova, a hmanna pawh a inang hek lo; a sei zawngah chuan hyphen let hnih vela sei a ni.
1. Point hrang hrang nei thu tlangpui tawpah colon nen hman thin a ni.
2. Thil chi hrang hrang sawi dawnin a hlawma sawina thu leh an sawi tur tak inkarah daidan nan an hmang thin.
10. Bracket te ( ):
Hei hi a hmaa thu tifiah tura ziah lan ngai si, chhiar tel kher erawh chu ngai lo thei kual khung nana hman a ni.
‘Mi pasarih (7) an lo kal’ tia kual khung chhunga a figure dah hi chin tur a ni lo, ‘pasarih’ tih hi a chiang tawk hle a ni. A figure ziah hmasak chu pawisa a nih erawh chuan tihsual palh ven nan bracket chhungah a thu ziah tho a tha.
11. Hawrawp banna ( ’ ):
Thu lam rik hnih, a pahniha lam ri lova a hawrawp thenkhat bana lam khata dah hian chung hawrawp ban then aiah chuan he chhinchhiahna hi dah tur a ni. Hawrawp banna hi chhiar sual phah leh ngaih sual theih tur chi ven nan chauh hman tur a ni.
12. Tlukna (=):
Chhiarkawp lamah hman a ni ber a, thu ziah pangngaiah chuan hman ve zeuh chang chu a awm.
13. Ditto ( ” ):
A chung chiaha mi ang tihna a ni a, heti ang hian an hmang thin.
14. Nambar indawt chhawn dan tur (order of numbering):
Lehkhabu leh thuziak dangah a thu ken azira thupui hrang hranga then sawm tul a awm thin a. Chutiangah chuan a then hranna kengtu atan nambar hman a ni thin. Thuziak thupui hrang hranga then sawm ngai chi-ah chuan a thenna nambar chi hrang hrang hman a tul thin a. Hetiang atan hian hman dan kawngpui zui tlan neih a pawimawh hle.
Hetiang hian:
Hlawmpui (part)
I II III Bung
1 2 3 Thensawm chhawng 1 na
1.
2.
Thensawm chhawng 2 na
(1)
(2)
Thensawm chhawng 3 na
(a)
(b)
Thensawm chhawng 4 na
(i)
(ii)
Point system pawh hman theih a ni tho.
15. Oblique (/):
Office thuchhuak lehkha nambar nei chi-ah chuan a lehkha hriat hranna atana a nambar ken figure daidan nan oblique (rin tung awn) hman a ni thin. Tin, ni leh kum daidan nan hman thin a ni bawk. Hetiang bakah hian thu ziak pangngaiah pawh oblique (/) hi hman fo a ni a. Thu ziak kara oblique tam tak awm thin hian lehkha chhiar a tinuam lo thei hle a, a theih chinah oblique hman hi pumpelh theih a tha hle ang a. Hman loh theih lohnaah chuan entirna chiang tak, hriat sual theih loh tura hman ni se.
Hetiang hian:
‘emaw’ tih nan:
L.C.D post 2/3 siam a ni dawn.
= L.C.D post 2 emaw, 3 emaw siam a ni dawn.
‘vel’ tih nan:
Chaw ei turin palai 4/5 rawn hruai ang che.
= Chaw ei turin palai pali panga vel rawn hruai ang che.
‘zelah’ tih nan:
Tunlaia Cement man Rs. 300/ bag a ni.
= Tunlaia Cement man chu Bag 1 Rs. 300 a ni.
‘ah’ tih nan:
Vawiina Sunday School kai zat chu 30/60 an ni.
= Vawiina Sunday School kai zat chu hming ziak 60 ah 30 an ni
16. Thluk seina (^):
Hei hi thluk sei chhinchhiahna a ni. Thumal hawrawp zinga vowel awm chu lam rik zawnga thluk a nih chuan chu vowel chungah chuan he chhinchhiahna hi dah tur a ni. Vowel pahnih pawh awm kawp se, thluk a nihna zawk zawk chungah dah tho tur a ni. Mizo tawng hi a thlukin kawngro a sut nasat avangin thluk sei chhinchhiahna hmang tel lo chuan thuziak a chiang kim thei lo va, chhiar dik a harsa thin. Chu vangin, thuziak uluk chi-ah chuan vowel ri fan chungah thlukna (^) dah thin a tha.
17. Figure, a thua ziah dan tur:
Nambar leh thil dang pawh a thua a zat kan ziahin heti ang hian ziah thin tur a ni. Unit tin zat chu a unit hming nen inzawma ziakin unit hrang hrang inkarah ‘leh’ dah thin tur a ni.
KC Lalruatdika
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