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Thursday, August 26, 2021

Mizo A, Aw, B Tobul (History of A, Aw, B - Lalhruaitluanga Ralte

Kan A Aw B hi Pu Buanga leh Sap-upa te min duan chhuahsak a ni a, chumi atana an hman hawrawp mal leh inkawp chi hrang hrang Sap leh Vai mi thiamin an lo ziak te kan chhui dâwn a ni. 


Kan A Aw B neih dan leh Pu Buangate thiandunin Mizo tawng an lo zir chhoh dan hi theihpatawpin ka chhui ve a, kum 4 emaw lai ka chhui hnua ka hmuh chhuah ang ang ka han ziak a ni. 



1. Mizovin thuziak kan lo nei tawh thin


Mizo lehkha chu savun a ni a, hman laiin uiin min lo ei sak zo ta a ni e, tih a ni thin a. Thawnthu sawi dan dangah chuan Mizoten thuziak an lo nei tawh a, savuna zial a ni a, hunrei tak an vahvaihnaah an hloh ta a ni, tih a ni bawk a. Savuna ziak chu sum khuh nan an hmang a, uiin a lo ei ta a ni, an ti bawk. Hetiang thawnthu hi Mizo chauh ni lo, sakhaw hrang hrang vuantute hian kan lo nei hlawm a. Mihringte chunga leng pathiante leh an thuihruaiten min rawn tlawhpawh lai thawnthute hi an lo sawi thin a. Chung hun lai thawnthu tam tak zingah thuziak tihbo thu, hnam hrang hrangin kan lo nei hi a mak hle a ni. 


 


2. Thuziak tih bo thu 


Hetiang thawnthu hi Khasi-ho chuan chi hnih an nei a. Pathianin thuziak a pek chu an lo dah fimkhur loh avânga meia kâng ral nia sawi a ni a. Thawnthu dangah chuan pathianin Bengali leh Khasi hi lehkhabu a pe ve ve a. An haw kawngah tui a lo lian ta pung mai a, Bengali pa chuan a lu chungah lehkhabu chu dahin a hleuh kaipui ta a. Khasi pa erawh chuan a sehkawh a, li lai a thlenin a chau ta a, lehkhabu chu a dawlh ta a ni. Naga rama Rengma-ho thawnthuah chuan Pathianin savun phekah thuziak a pe a, chu savun chu an zial a. A kawltu fimkhur loh avângin savun zial chu uiin a lo ei a, a boral ta a ni. 


Burma ram chhim tâwpa cheng Karen-ho thawnthuah pawh an pi leh puten lehkhabu an hloh chu tuipui râla mingote kut atanga an hmuh let leh tur thu an lo sawi thin a. Burma ram hmâr lama cheng Kachin-hote, Thailand, Burma leh China ram pathumte inrina laia cheng Lahu hnam te, Lahu-ho leh Kachin-ho inkâra cheng Wa hnamho thawnthuah te, Burma ram leh Thailand ram inkâr laia cheng Kui hnam te pawhin an pi leh puten thuziak leh lehkhabu an lo hloh tawh thu an lo inhrilh chhâwng bawk a ni. 


China ram hmârthlang lama Yunan biala cheng Lisu hnam thawnthuah chuan an pi leh puten lehkhabu an lo hloh tawh a. An sawi dân chuan mingo unaute an lo la kal ang a, an thuziak hloh tawh chanchin chu anmahni Lisu tawng ngeiin an rawn zirtir dâwn a ni. Philippines chhim lama Motadato Manobo Indian-ho chuan anmahni siamtuin an pi leh pute hnenah lehkha pawimawh tak a pe a. Miin an rawn run dâwn nia thuthang a awm avângin an zinga pakhat chuan lehkhate chu a la a, tuipuiah a paih a. A paih bângte chu ngawah a va thukru a, thurovah a chang ta vek a. Engtikah emaw mingo, Milikano lo kalin Pathian lehkhabute kha an la rawn keng leh dâwn a ni, an ti a. Kum 1957 khân Tom-a leh Elnore Wyman-a ten Thuthlung Thar bute an lehlinsak a, hei hian an nghahfak ber Pathian lehkhabute chu rawn keng taa ngaiin Pathian thu an awih phah ta a ni. 


Hetianga thuziak tihbo thawnthu inang kan lo nei hi a mak tih mai loh chu sawi thiam a har hle a, kum za tam tak kal tawhah khân kan lo khawsaho tawh a nih loh pawhin, thenawm inhnaih takin kan lo awm tawh a ni ang tih hi rinhlelh rual a ni lo. 



 3. Mizoram chhûnga lehkha ziaawm hmasate 


Mizorama mipui vântlâng tâna lehkha ziak chhiar tur awm hmasa ber nia lang chu, kum 1871 December ni 26-a Vailianin chhim lama Sailo lalte leh lal tenau dangte chhiar tur ramhnuai thingkunga lehkha ziak an târ kha a ni. He lehkha ziak hi Bengali leh Burmese hawrawpa ziak a ni a, a thu hi Thangliana (Capt.T.H. Lewin) phuah leh ziak a ni. Chutah chuan Vailian hian Mizote hi tihnat an duh lo va, an sal mante an chhuaha, remna siampui tura palai an rawn tirh chuan inremna an siampui zel ang a, an in leh chhek inte an hâlsak lo vang a, an khuain a tuar dâwn lo a ni tiin, khaw kâr kawngkama thingkungahte chuan an târ thliah thluah a ni. 


Heng thuziak chhiar thiam hi khâng hun laia Mizo zingah khân an awm dâwn em ni tih theih tak a ni a. Amaherawhchu, kum 1860 lai atang tawh khân sâp sipaihova Vailian kha Rothangpuia khuate chuan an lo tawng tawh a. Chittagong-ah pawh intihhlimna ropui tak Thangliana buatsaihah khân Mizo lal zingah Rothangpuia leh lal dangte leh an khuate pawh an lo zu tel tawh thin tih kan hria. Chutianga Chittagong phaia zu thleng thla fo tawh an nih chuan Bengali tawng chhiar thiam an lo awm tawh mial pawh a ni thei a, chhiar thiam an awm ring lo se chuan heng lehkha ziakte hi târ awm loh tak a ni si a. 


Hemi hma hian lehkha ziak hrim hrim chu Mizote hian an lo hmu nual tawh a. Kum 1850 December ni 16 khân Major Lister-a leh Suakpuilala ten inremna an siam a. Kum 1862-’63 khan Captain Graham-a, Chittagong Hill Tracts-a Superintendent chuan Mizo lalte nena inrem duhin a thlem vel a, Vandula nen chuan ziak(signed) ngeiin sa-ui an tan a. Kum 1870 March thlaah Suakpuilala'n Cachar Bawrhsâp Edgar-a chu sa-ui a tanpui a. A kum leh 1871 January ni 16-ah ramri chungchâng an sawi a, an inremna lehkha sunnud an tihah chuan Cachar leh Mizoram ri an ziak fel a. Heng inremnate hi lehkha nena siam a ni a, Bengali tawnga ziak a ni. Phaitual an run atanga an hawn sal chi hrang hrang zingah ziak leh chhiar thiam an lo awm avângin chung mite chu lal aiawhin British officer-te dâwr tur hian an tir fo thin a ni. Chung inremna thuziakte chu an sal mante hian chhiarsakin an lehlinsak thin a ni. Heng hun lai hian Mizo lehkha chhiar thiam an awm hriat a ni lo kan ti na a, chhiar thiam chu an awm ngeiin kan hria a, chumi chungchâng chu tlem kan sawi ang. 



 4. Ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber - Vânhnuaithangi 


A AW B zirna sikul hmasa ber chu Aizâwla Thingpui huan tlângah tan a ni a. Zirlai hmasa ber chu Thangphunga leh Suaka an ni a, April thlaah ziak leh chhiar an thiam a ni tih Pu Buangan a lo ziak a. He mite hi Mizo zinga ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber chu an ni lo va, Pu Buangate a aw b erawh chu a zir thiam hmasa ber an ni. Mizo zinga ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber nia kan hriat theih chu Vânhnuaithangi, phaituala Vai leh hnam dangten Cachar ramri hrûla Mizo lal fanu hmeltha tia an lo hriat lâr chu a ni a. Vânhnuaithangi hi Mizo lal ropui tak Suakpuilala farnu a ni a, a nu Buki hi Tripura rama Mizo lal ropui tak Lalsuthlaha fanu a ni. Vânhnuaithangi hian a nu hi a chhun a, Mizoram leh Cachar, Sylhet leh Tripura lam thlenga hmelthata hmingthang a ni. A pa leh a nutaten phaitual an run atanga an rawn hawn, Bengali sal nula thahnem fe ama pualin a kawl a. Chung Bengali salho hnen atang chuan ziak leh chhiar a zir thiam a. 



Tripura ram chhunga Mizo lal, Ngursailova nen kum 1855 lai vela an inneih ni pawhin Vanhnuaithangi hian a hla phuah hi a sa a ni. Ngursailova nena an fapa naupang zâwk Vânkhampuia chu Sylhet Government sikul atanga Matric zir chhuak a ni. Pu Buanga ten a aw b min siamsak hma kum 30 lam daih tawhah khân Vânhnuaithangi leh a fapa hian Bengali tawngin ziak leh chhiar an lo thiam tawh niin an lang a, hei hi kan historian-te la sawi ngai loh tak, thil thar a ni a. A remchan chuan an chanchin chu hun dangah kan la ziak leh ang. 



 5. Mizo tawng ziakna lehkhabu hmasate 


Mizo tawng ziakna lehkhabu awm hmasa ber nia kan hriat theih chu kum 1869-a Thangliana (T.H. Lewin) ziak, The Hill Tracts of Chittagong and the Dwellers Therein; With Comparative Vocabulary of the Hill Dialects tih a ni a. He lehkhabuah hian Chittagong Hill Tracts chhunga hnam chi hrang hrangte chanchin ngaihnawm takin ziak a ni a. Thangliana hian ama experience atanga ziak a nih avângin heng hnam chi hrang hrangte nunphung leh khawsak dân a ziak chuan beng a tivâr lehzual a. Mizo tawng thumal ngawt pawh 186 zet a lo khawn khâwm hman tawh a ni. Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa hian kum 1892 January-a Chittagong-a an awm laiin he lehkhabu hi Mizo tawng ziakna lehkhabu an hmuh hmasak ber a ni a. Mizo tawng hawrawp siam chhuah nâna Pu Buangate kaihruaitu hmasa a nihna hi he lehkhabu hlutna a ni.


He lehkhabu tho hi Sâp ramah a bu hming thlâkin kum 1870 khân London-ah chhut leh a ni a, a bu hmingah Wild Races of The South-Eastern India tih a ni. 



Kum 1873-ah Thangliana ziak tho, Hill Proverbs of the Inhabitants of Chittagong Hill Tracts a chhuak leh a. Chittagong Hill Tracts-a Mizo hnahthlâk chi hrang hrang leh hnam dangte thawnthu khawn khâwmna bu a ni a, thawnthu 278 zet a awm. Kum 1874-ah Thangliana hian Progressive Colloquial Exercise in the Lushai Dialect of the ‘Dzo’ or Kuki Language, with Vocabularies and Popular Tales (Notated) tih bu a chhuah leh a, hei hi Mizo tawng zirna bu chhuak hmasa ber a ni ta a ni. He lehkhabuah hian Mizo tawng zirna excercise 90 lai a awm a; chubâkah thawnthu pathum, Chemtâtrâwta, Lalruanga leh Kûngawrhi thawnthu tha fein a ziak. He lehkhabu hi a aw b kan neih hmaa Mizo tawng zirna lehkhabu pahnih zînga pakhat zâwk a ni. 



Kum 1877-ah Specimens of Language in India Including those of Aboriginal Tribes of Bengal, the Central Province, and the Eastern Frontier tih bu, Sir George Campbell-a ziakah chuan Mizo vocabulary chungchâng a lo sawi tawh niin Dr. R.L. Thanmawia chuan a sawi a. A sawi zêlnaah chuan Mizo tawng buaipuia, zir leh hmasa chu G.H. Damant-a a ni a, Royal Asiatic Society Journal, 1880-a chhuak, New Series, Vol. xii-ah Mizo tawng chungchâng tlem azâwng a lo ziak, a ti bawk. 



Thangliana Exercise bu chhuah atanga kum 10 zet a ral leh chuan Mizo tawng zirna bu dang Grammar of the Lushai Language, To which are appended a few Illustrations of the Zau or Lushai Popular Songs and Translations from Aesop’s Fables tih a chhuak leh a, a ziaktu chu Sâp ni lovin Bengali dâktawr, Brojo Nath Shaha a ni a, kum 1884-ah chhuah a ni. Grammar bu tha tak mai a nih bâkah Mizo hla 6 leh Esopa thawnthu 8 a ziak a. He lehkhabu hlutna em em chu, hawrawp mal lam dân tur chu Sâp tawnga a tlukpuia dah chhuah bâkah Bengali tawngin a dah tel zel a ni.



 Kum 1887 khân C.A. Soppit-a ziak A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes in the North-East Frontier District of Cachar, Sylhet, Naga Hills, etc. and the North Lushai Language and a Comparison of Lushai with other Dialects tih bu a chhuak leh a, hei hi lexicographer-te tâna Mizo tawng zirna bu pawimawh tak a ni, tiin Dr. R. L. Thanmawia chuan a lo ziak bawk a. 



Kum 1889 khan Capt. O.A. Chambers-an Hand Book of the Lushai Country tih bu a ziak a. Kum 1889-1890 Vailian hnuhnung zâwkin Mizoram an rawn luh hmaa Mizorama chengte khawsak dân an hriat lâwk theih nâna buatsaih a ni. 



Kum 1893-a chhuak Outline Grammar of the Rangkhol - Lushai Language tih bu C.A. Soppit-a ziak chu Cachar rama Hrângkhawl tawng a nih ber avângin Mizo tawng zir nân a hman tlâk tehchiam lo va. Tin, he lehkhabu hi Cachar Hill Tribe-a Mizo hnahthlakte tawng chi hrang hrang Hrangkhawl, Biate, Jansen, Thahdo, Sakechep te zir nâna buatsaih a ni ber a. Mizo vocabulary tlem azâwng a tel ve chauh a ni. 



Mizo tawng inziahna lehkhabu chhuak hmasate zingah hian Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa-ten Mizo tawng a aw b siam chhuah nâna an hman tangkai b$kte chu bu hnih emaw chauh a ni a. Sawi tawh angin Mizo tawng, ziaka lo awm tawhna hrim hrim chu bu 8 emaw lai a ni a, heng bute hi Pu Buanga te thiandun hian an hmu vek lo a ni tih an report atangin a hriat theih a. Hmu vek pawh ni se, thenkhat hi chu tawng chi hrang hrang khaikhinna mai a nih avângin a tangkai lua lo ve. Chung zinga a pawimawh zual chu lo khaikhin ila. 



 6. Mizo tawng zirna bu chhuak hmasate khaikhinna 


Kan hriat theih chinah chuan Mizo tawng zirna bu hi bu hnih a awm a. Heng lehkhabute hi Sâp leh Vai mi thiamte ziak a ni a, an ziak chhan ber chu hnam dangten Mizo tawng an zir theih nân a ni. Chung lehkhabua hawrawp an hmante chu lo thlir ila. 


 Progressive Colloquial Exercise in the Lushai Dialect of the ‘Dzo’or Kuki Language, with Vocabularies and Popular Tales (Notated) - T.H. Lewin (Thangliana), 1874. He lehkhabua Mizo tawng ziak chhuah nân hian chutih laia India sawrkârin an hman, Sir William Jones-a Transliteration system a hmang. Chungte chu: 


1. a, ai, au/aw, b, ch, d, dr, dz, e, ee, ei, ey, f, gh, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, oy, p, r, s, t, ts, tsc, tsch, u, v. 


Hetah hian aw, ch, dz, ng, leh j te hi chhinchhiah bik ila. 


2. Grammar of the Lushai Language,To which are appended a few illustrations of the Zau or Lushai Popular Songs and Translations from Aesop’s Fables - Brojo Nath Shaha, 1884. Shaha-a hian Thangliana hman Sir William Jones-a system aiin Dr. Wilson-a transliteration system chu tha zâwka a hriat avângin a hmang. A hawrawp hmante chu – 


a, æ or ay, ai, au, b, ch, chh, d, 6, e, f, g, ng, h, hl, hm, hn, hr, i, í, k, kh, l, m, mm, n, nn, o, p, r, rh, s, sh, t, t, th, u, û, v, z 


Hetah hian ch, g, ng, t, th leh z te hi chhinchhiah bik leh ila. 


He bu hi Pu Buanga te hian Mizo a aw b siam nân an hmang tangkai hle a ni. He lehkhabu that em emna pakhat chu hawrawp lam rik dân, Sâp tawnga a tlukpui a dah zel bakah Bengali tawnga a dah tel zel hi a ni. 


A chunga lehkhabu pahnihte bakah hian Outline Grammar of the Rangkhol-Lushai Language- C.A. Soppit-a ziak, 1893-a chhuak hi sawi tel a ngai a. He lehkhabu ziak nâna hian C.J. Lyall-a hawrawp ziak dân thenkhat a hmang. A hawrawp hmante chu – 


a, ai, å, au, b, ch, d, e, f, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, oi, p, r, s, sh, t, u, v, z 


Heng zingah hian å (aw), ch, ng, leh j te hi lo chhinchhiah leh ila. 



Heng lehkhabu atang hian Pu Buangaten Mizo tawng hawrawp tur an duang chhuak ni thei awma a lan laiin Soppit-a ziak hi an hmu hman lo tih kan hria; amaherawhchu, Soppit-a hawrawp pakhat å (aw) hi sawi tel kan duh avângin kan târlang tel a ni. 


Heng lehkhabu atanga kan lo chhinchhiah tur chu å (aw), aw, ch, dz, g, ng, j leh t te hi a ni a. Heng zingah hian Soppit-a hman å hi Hunterian System of Spelling an tih zinga mi tho a ni a, Pu Buangate khan a tirah chuan aw atân an lo hmang a, Thangliana khân aw a lo siam tawh a ni. Ch hi an lo hmang tlang vek a ni tih kan hmu thei a, g leh j hi Mizo tawngah hmanna awm si lovin an lo telh hlawm bawk a. Thangliana khan z aiah dz a lo hmang bawk. 



 7. Kum 1893-ah a aw b an siam 


Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa ten a aw b min siamsak hun hi kan mi thiamte ziak dân chuan kum 1894-ah a ni a, a chhui ngun lehzual deuhvin February emaw, March thla emaw niin an ring a. Amaherawhchu, Pu Buangaten Mizo tawng an lo zir dân chhutin Aizawla an lo luh hian an rawn keng lut ngei niin a lang zâwk a ni. 


Kum 1892 January atanga June inkâr thla 6 chhung khân Chittagong, Rangamati leh Kassalong (Mizovin Samat dâwr, Samat chhuah an tih)-te kâr tawnin, Pu Buangate khân Khawthlang Tuipui rawn zawh chhovin Tlabunga lo luh an tum kha a ni a. Mizote hnena Chanchin Tha hril tura an rilru sawhnghetin, thutlukna fel tak an siam tawh avângin Mizo tawng chu an theih ang angin an zir chho va. Shaha-a Grammar bu chu ni tin chhiarin an zir a, Mizo tawng chu ziak thiamin a awmzia an hriatthiam fe hnuah pawh a lam rik dân an hriat tlem em avângin Mizo kawm tur an zawng reng a. Samat chhuaha an awm lai hian Mizo pakhat an kâwm thei ta a. Chupa chuan ‘Hei hi eng nge ni?’ tih leh inbiakna tawngkam tlem azâwng a lo zirtir a, chu chu Mizo an hmuh hmasak ber leh Mizo leili ngeia an tawng lam rîk dân an zir theihna hmasa ber a ni. 



Kum 1893-a Silchar-a Pu Buangate an awm lai khân Thangliana Exercise bu an hmuh leh tâk avângin Mizo tawng hawrawp siam hna chu an thawk thei ta a. Silchar-ah hian Mizo sumdâwng Chawngkhuma leh Pu Buangan, ‘‘Mizo tawng min zirtirtu chu Liana a ni,’’ a tih, Chawngkhuma sumdâwnpui Paliana te hian Mizo tawng an lo zirtir a ni.



Heng bu hnih atang hian Mizo a aw b tur chu an duh tâwkin an duang chhuak thei tawh a tih theih âwm e. Mizo tawng awmzia an hre chiang tawh a, a lam rik dân an la thiam tâwk lo tih a ni deuh chauh tawh a. Mizo leili ngeia a lam rik dân hriat an mamawh hle laiin Pathianin kum 1892-ah Samat chhuaha Mizo pakhat lo tirin inbiakna tawngkam mawl te te chu a lo zirtir a. A kum lehah Silchar-ah Chawngkhuma leh Paliana zu tirin Mizo tawng an lo zu zirtir a ni, ti pawhin a sawi theih âwm e.


Silchar-ah hian a aw b hi an lo siam tawh ngei a ni tih tichiang turin lo sawi zui zel ila.



a) Pu Lloyd-a khân Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa ten Mizo tawng mil tha tak maia hawrawp an lo siam chu Mizote tân a vânneihthlâkzia a sawi a. Mizorama luh phalna nghâka Silchar-a an awm lai (1893) hian a aw b siam hna hi an lo thawk tawh ngei a ni tih hi rinhlelh tur a awm lo ve, a lo ti a. Chubakah, 1894 kum tâwp dâwn thleng khân an hawrawp siam chu Mizo tawng nen a inmil tha em tih enchhin nân an hmang a ni, a ti bawk.



b) Durtlâng Presbyterian Kohhran Chanchinah chuan, Durtlâng lal Suaka chanchin an sawinaah Kum 1893-ah a aw b an siam a, tiin an lo ziak a. Heta, ‘‘a aw b an siam,’’ tih hi Suakate nena siam ni lovin Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa hian kum 1893-ah an lo siam tawh tihna a ni. Kum 1894-ah an lo lut chauh si a.


c) Pu Buanga hian kum 1893 August 19-a Rev. G.O. Newport-a hnena lehkha a thawnah chuan Silchar-a an awm lai hian Mizo tawng an thiam hle tawh thu a ziak a (We know sufficient of the language to make ourselves understood, but it may be sometime ere we can tell out the Gospel story). Sâp pachal meuhvin Mizo tawng chu thiam tâwka a inngaih tawh chuan a thiam tâwk ngei ang tih a rinhlelh awm loh. Kum 2 pumhlum thak Mizo tawng an zir tawh a ni a; chubâkah Mizo tawng zirna bu chhuak tawhte hi a that em vang a ni bawk. Mizo tawng an ziak thiam hle tawh laiin tawng erawh chu an la thiam nâl lo hle a, Aizâwla an lo luh hlima an puan in kaihpuitute chu an be thei tâwk tâwk chauh a ni. 


d) Internet-a website pakhat Freewebs.com-ah chuan Durtlâng lal Suaka chanchin hi tawi kimchang angreng takin a inziak a, chutah chuan Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upate Mizo tawng zirtirtu a nih thu an ziak a. Kum 1893-ah a aw b an siam a tih hi an ziak bawk a ni. 


e) A dang lehah chuan Pu Buanga hian April ni 1 emaw, ni 2 emawa Sikul an hawn thu leh chuta zir hmasa ber chu Suaka leh Thangphunga an nih thu a ziak a. Anni pahnih hian April thla ral hmain ziak leh chhiar an thiam hman dân te, he mite hnua zir leh hmasate chu hemi kum tâwp lam, October ni 26-ah Sailo lal Khamlianan a zir ve thu a ziak bawk a...


 Chuta Pu Buanga sawi zelnaah chuan, Mizo tawng hawrawp a aw b chu Suaka leh Thangphunga ten an zir hmain mi dang zirtir an lo tum tawh thu a sawi a. Heta ziak leh chhiar zirtir an lo tum tawh ni thei âwmte engemaw chen a chhui theih a. Silchar-a anmahni lo zu tlawh fotu sumdâwng pahnih, Chawngkhuma leh Paliana te, an eisiama tang hmasa Khuma, Babua leh Luseia(C.I. ni ta) te, an bâwnghnute la leh an tirhkah Chawnga (zirtirtu ni ta) te leh Aizâwl an lo thlen hlima lo chiauautu, Maubâwk lal, Dokhama teho zinga mi tute emaw ber hi chu an ni ngei ang tih a rinawm. 



Chawngkhuma leh Paliana-te hi kum 1892-a din, Thangphunga Vengah khân an awm ve a. Chawngkhuma, Luseia leh Chawnga te hi 1894-a Pu Buanga te chenna In sakpuitu leh tanpuitu an ni tih kan hre chiang bawk a. January 1894 thla tâwpa chenna In an sak zawh khân ziak leh chhiar zirtir an lo tum tawh ngei a ni tih Pu Buanga ziak atang hian kan hre chiang thei ta a ni. Pu Buanga bawmtute zinga tu ber hian nge Mizote chu zâwng ang mai kan ni a, hetiang thil harsa tak mai hi chu kan thiam thei ve awzâwng lo vang, tia Pu Buanga-te hnena chhuanlam siama ziak leh chhiar zirtir an tum pawha an zir duh loh thu sawitu hi han chhui hlek ila. Hetianga lo sawitu hi Suaka niin Kristian Tlângau-ah a lang a. Mahse, Suaka hi a sawitu a nih theih loh dân a awm a. He thu hi Pu Buanga khân Suaka leh Thangphunga’n ziak leh chhiar zir an tum hmaa mi dang sawi a tih avâng leh, an chhuanlam siam chu chhuanlam tling lo a ni tih lantir nân Suaka leh Thangphunga-te’n an zir a, an hlawhtling ta a ni, a ti kher a ni. 



Chutichuan, heng an thuihhruai Mizote hi ziak leh chhiar zirtir an lo tum tawh dan te han chhutin, kum 1894 February thlaa Pu Buangate’n In thar an luah hlim vel khan he’ng; Chawngkhumateho hi ziak leh chhiar zirtir an lo tum tawh ngei ang tih a rinawm a. Chutianga zirtir an lo tum tawh chuan a aw b siam peih sa an lo nei tawh reng a ni tih a hriat theih bawk.


Silchar-ah pawh khân an hnen atanga Mizo tawng zir pahin an hawrawp siam chu kan sawi tâkhote kha zirtir an lo tum tawh hial pawh a ni thei e. 



8. A AW B an siam chu 


Mizo tawng ziakna bu an hmuh hmasak ber, The Hill Tracts of Chittagong atang kha chuan zir thui ngaihna a awm lo va. Shaha-a Grammar bu an han hmuh leh atang erawh kha chuan a aw b tha tak duan chhuah theih a ni ta a. Thangliana Exercise bu Silchar-a an hmuh leh nena tangkawp chuan an lungawina khawpin an siam chhuak thei ta niin a lang. Hawrawp ziak dân system hrang hrang, heng hun laia an hmuh, Hunter-a leh Endle-a tih dân te, William Jones-a leh Dr.Wilson-a tih dân te an buk kual fe hnuah Hunterian system of Orthography chu an thlang ta a ni tih kan hre thei a. Kum 1893-a Silchar-a an awm laia an hawrawp siam chhuah chu hetiang hi a ni a, kum 1896 thleng pawhin an la hmang a ni: 


å, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch, 



He’ng a chunga hawrawp 23-te hi Pu Buangate’n Mizo tawng ziak nân an duang chhuak a ni tih chiang taka kan hriat theihna chu, Bible-a Fapa tlan bo thu, Luka bung 15:11-32, kum 1896-a an lehlin atangin a hriat theih a ni. Hei hi Hunterian System of Spelling an tih hmanga ziak niin Sâp-upa hian a sawi a. Hunterian System of Spelling tih leh, Hunterian System of Orthography tih hi an hman pawlh a. ‘Tawng ri, benga hriat anga Roman hawrawp hmanga Hunter-a ziak chhuah dân’ tihna ve ve a ni. Heta an hawrawp siamte han en hian hengte hi chhinchhiah 


ila : 


a) Aw an la hmang lo va, a aiah å an hmang a, aw tia lam a ni.


 b) E chunga thlukna (ˆ) dah, ê hi ei atân an hmang. 


c) Thangliana leh Shaha te hian ng an hmang ve ve a.


Pu Buanga-te pawh hian ng hi an hmang chungin alphabet an telh zinga hawrawp mal pahnih inkawp, aw leh ch anga dah chhuak lovin n zingah an dah a. G chu hnam dang tawng ziak nân, gun leh goal, tih nân te hman a ni a, Mizo tawngah chuan g hmaah n dahin ng an hmang, tiin Pu Buanga hian a sawi a. 


d) T hi t atân leh t atân an la hman pawlh bawk.


e) Thumal tâwpa h telh tur leh telh loh tur an la chiang lo hle. i) ..ka chan min pe råh ii)..a ral zå vele iii) ..fapa pahnih 


Heta entirnate hi han en ila, rawh tih nân råh an hman chuan zawh tih nân zåh tih mai âwm; mahse, zå an ti tlat lawi si. 


f) ‘s’ an hmang thiam hle chungin ‘sh’ hi hmanna tur awmin an hre tlat a. Sum, shem, nasha takin, 


g) ‘o’ leh ‘ô’ hi an la hman pawlh nawk nawk a ni. 


i) rô ka chan ai (o pangngaiin an hmang) 


ii) an om tan (aw atan an hmang) 


9. Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai Language: 


Hei hi Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa ten kum 1897-a an haw hmaa an buatsaih zawh, kum 1898-a Assam sawrkârin Shillong-a a chhuah a ni. Sir William Hunter-a alphabet ziak dân, Hunterian system an tih chu an hmang zui zel a. A dictionary lai hi Pu Buanga ziak a ni a, Grammar hlâwm bik hi Sâp-upa ziak niin Lloyd-a chuan a ngai. 50 Hawrawp an phuahkhâwm te chu hetiang hi a ni. 


a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z 



Pu Buanga-te hawrawp duan tharte hi ngun taka kan thlir chuan kum 1893-a an siam bâkah chuan aw leh t chauh an belh thar a ni tih kan hmu ang. Hmanna awm lo hawrawp pahnih g leh j an la telh ta fan a, hman ngei si, ziaka an la telh tâk chuan loh chu ng a ni. A chunga kan hmuh ang hian Aw atanga tan tawh lovin a aw b tiin alphabetical order-in an dah ta thung. A hmaa Mizo tawng an ziak dân ai chuan a tha hle zâwk tawh a ni. Hengte hi lo thlir ila : 


Naopang, Arshi, 


He zawhte hi hmeichhia naopang hnena pe roh. 


Nula kha a shang e. Mao dawh-kan 


‘aw’ leh ‘o’ an hman dân han en hian an la chiang lo hle a ni tih a hriat theih a, roh tih leh dawh tih te chu lamrik dan thuhmun reng a ni a; mahse o leh aw an hman pawlh a. Tin, u hmanna turah o an la hmang nawk nawk bawk a, Sâp tawng lam dan zulzuiin sh an la hmang nasa hle bawk. Entir nân: Arshi, shom thum, shang, shing. Kum 1920 May ni 5 khân sh chu hman tawh loh tur a ni a, s chauh hman tawh tur a ni e, tiin chhim leh hmar palaiten Lungleia Mizo tawng ziak dan chungchâng an ngaihtuahah an lo pawm tlang tawh a ni. 


Kum 1898-ah Zosâpthara a lo chhuak ve ta a, Mizo tawng a han zir a. A thiam hnu chuan Pu Buangate hawrawp phuahkhâwm chu Mizo tawng ziak chhuah nâna an hman danah tha tawk lo a hmu ta thuai a, chungte chu siam thain a hmang ta nghal zel a. Pu Buanga sawi dan chuan 1903-a Lungleia an lo chhuah leh hnu khan Zosâphluia leh Zosâpthara nen Mizo tawng hawrawp chungchâng an sawi ho va, Zosâptharate’n an lo tih danglam leh siamthat chu a dik zâwkin a lo tha ngei a ni tih an pawm a, hman zui zel an remti tlâng ta a ni. 



Chutia Welsh Missionary-te leh BMS Missionary-ten lungrual taka an pawm tlân tâk, Mizo tawng hawrawp kimchang chu Pu Buanga dictionary, 1940-a chhuakah hian a lo lang ta a. Pu Buanga sawi dan chuan he’ng hawrawp an dah chhuahte hian Mizo tawng chu a lam ri chhuak zo vek a ni a ti. 


Amaherawhchu, chutah pawh ng hi a la tel ta chuang lova, n hmunah a la awm ve mai a ni. Hei hi a mak hle mai. J erawh chu an paih ta daih thung a. A hnuai hawrawpte hi an siam hnuhnun ber chu a ni a, a vaiin 23 a ni. 



a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z 



10. A AW B Hla


Kum 1924-a Sir Herbert Lewis-a’n Ch. Pasena Sâp rama a hruai thlak khân London-a Goldsmith College-ah a senso tumsakin a zirtir ta kha a ni a. June thla chuan Calcutta atangin Sâp ram panin lawngin an chhuak ta a. Arabian Sea-a lawnga an kal lai chuan sikul naupang a aw b lo la zir zel turte a suangtuah a, awlsam zawka an thiam mai theih dan tur a ngaihtuah a. Vawi leh khatah a thinlungah hla a lo lang ta nghal a, lawng bathlar zau pui maiah chuan tlai ni tlâk dâwnin a aw b hla a phuah ta a. Chu hla chu hei hi a ni a. 



Sikul ka luh tirhin mikhual ang ka ni a, 


Ka pâwl min siamsakin ka hming an han ziak a. 


Mak ti âwm fahranin A ka han ti phawt a, 


Lungleng awm tak maiin AW ka han ti a. 


B ka han sa ta a, chhawn tur van vei vei nen, 


Ka kawi bawm min ti-ngai , kan tualzawl nuam tak nen. 


Ban hma loh phei chuanin CH ka lam ka lam thin. 


Ei tak tak si lovin D hmun ka thleng thin. 


Phul emaw ka lo ti, E a ni awzawng lo, 


F ka han kai hi chuan a lo awzia ta zawk. 


G ka han kai leh chuan Vai rim a nam rum rum. 


Aieng awm si lovin NG ka tih tak chu. 


Hahchhiau chhuak ang maiin H ka han ti a, 


Zungchala kawk zelin I ka han ti chiam a, 


Mal rawl teuh ang maiin J ka ti thel thawl a. 


K-a kal si lovin thui tak tak ka kal. 


Lo zir hmasate hi L ngawt ka tum ta a, 


Lum ti awm tak maiin M ka ti em awm thin. 


N lovin ka zir thin, dang nal hnuah phei chuan, 


O ka ti o o thin, vawn ka tum vangin. 


P ka lam apiangin ka pu pawh ka hre thin. 


R ka lam erawh chuan kan sumhmun ka hre thin. 


S ka kai leh hi chuan ka saisîk seih seih thin. 


T ka kai achinah ka titi ta thin. 


Vai ral kian hnu pawhin Ț ka ti leh dek thin. 


U kianga ka awmin ka lo uang em em a, 


Khuai làmte pawh zirin V ka ti vang vang thin. 


Z ka lo thleng ta a, ka chhiar zet zet mai. 


I kîr leh ang vangkhua'n, nu leh pa unau thenrualte lawma'n. 



He a aw b hla-ah hian kan sawi tâk g te, ng te leh j te a la awm vek si hi thil mak tak a ni leh ta a. Welsh Missionary-te leh Baptist Missionary-ten lungrual taka an pawm tlan tawh nia langah chuan ng leh j a tel si lo va. Zosâpthara hian ng hi a aw b-ah hian a telh niin a lang. Tin, g leh j hi Mizo tawngah hmanna a awm lo tih hre chungin Pu Buanga-te lo siam tawh chu paih chuang lovin a hmang zui ve ta zel a ni. Tichuan, Pu Buanga leh Sâp-upa ten Mizo tawng an thiam chhoh zel hnua an a aw b duan chhuah chu lo thlir ila : 



1893-’96: - å, a, b, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, z, ch 


1898: - a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z 


1940: - a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z 



Hei hi uluk taka han en hian tuna kan a aw b hi a kim lo vek tih kan hmu ang a, ng a tel lo vek a. Kum 1893-a an siamah hian t a tel lo va, 1940-ah chuan sawi tawh angin j pawh Pu Buanga chuan a paih leh tawh a ni. Kum 1901-a Mizo Zir Tîr Bu Second edition-ah chuan tuna kan hawrawp kim biai hi a chhuak tawh a ni.


Kum 1907-a chhuak, English Primer-Lushai Translation tih bu, Zosâpthara ziakah pawh a aw b chu tuna kan hmanlai ang chiah hi a ni a. Note an siamah chuan g leh j hi Mizo tawngah a awm lo tiin a ziak zel a ni. Tichuan, tuna kan a aw b hmanlai hi Zosapthara phuahkhawm a ni. 


a, aw, b, ch, d, e, f, g, ng, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, t, u, v, z. 



11. A aw b lam rîk dân fel tawk lote enchianna: 


F - hi kan lam thiam tâwk loh avangin efi kan ti a, hei hi MBSE chuan eff tia lam tur a ni, an ti a, ff hi tihrik a harsat pawhin ef tih pawh a tawk tho thei ang. 



G - Ek tiin Mizoram hmar lamah kan lam a, ek a nih chuan k nen a hman dan a inang reng dawn a. Pu Buangate khan gun, goal tih nâna hman a ni, an ti si a; chuvangin, a lam rîk dan chu ek a ni lo tih a chiang a. Ek a nih chuan gun leh goal chu kan leh kawl tia lam a ngai dawn a ni. Mizoram chhim lamah chuan ji tiin kan lam a, hei pawh hi a dik chuang lo va, j nen a hman dan a inan reng dawn avangin gun leh goal chu jan leh jawl tia lam a ngai bawk dawn a ni. 



G lam rîk dan chungchâng hi lo chhui chiang deuh ila : Brojo Nath Shaha khan gun tia g lam rîk ang hi a ni, a ti a. Chu chu Sâpho lam anga ji hi a ni lo va, a tlukpui lam rîk dan Bengali hawrawpa gaw hi a ni, a ti a, Hindi chuan ga a ni. Kum 1924-a 



Ch. Pasena a aw b hlaa g hmun ka thlen chuan Vai rim a nam rum rum a tih hian, Vai tawnga ka kha ga-a ga hi a Vai rim nam, a lam rik dan tur dik chu ni zawkin a lang. MBSE chuan g chu ge tia lam ni se a ti a. Hei hi ga aiin a tha zawka kan hriat chuan a awm hle tho mai, ek leh ji ai chuan a dik zawk ve ve a ni. Chuvangin, Bengali tawnga gaw chu Hindi-in ga a ni a, Mizo tawnga tih ge chu a tha awm hle a ni. 



Ng - Eng tia lam hi a dik a, enji tia lam rîk hi a dik lo va, hawrawp pahnih inkawp c leh h chu si-eich ti lova chaw kan ti ang hian. Pu Buanga’n sing tiha ng ang hian lam tur a ti a nih kha. Enji tia kan lam chuan panga chu pa-enji-a tih a ngai ang a, bawng chu bawnj tih a ngai ang. 



H - Eihchhi tia kan lam rîk hi chu a buaithlak hle a, MBSE rawtna angin eitch tia lam hi a that hle laiin t lam rik tel hi a harsa deuh a nih chuan eich tih pawhin a sual nasa lo vang, eihchhi tih ai chuan. Ha tia lam hi a tha ber tur zawk chu niin a lang. 



J - Ze tia kan lam hi a dik lo va, ze a nih chuan z nen a inang leh reng dawn a, neih a tul hauh lo bawk ang. Pu Suaka khân chei tia lam a ni, a lo tih kha hriat fuh loh a awm niin a lang a, chei tih chu awmze nei lo tawp a ni. Sap awphawi deuh tâlha Pu Buangate’n jei (ai, jei, kei, el) an tih chu chei tih a ang thei hle ang. Rozâma Chawngthu chuan chhah deuh tapa je (dze) tih tur a ni a ti a, MBSE booklet-ah pawh dze tia lam tur a ti. 



S - Esi tia kan lam hi ess tia lam rîk tawh tur a ni tiin MBSE booklet-ah kan hmu bawk. Anni hian Sâp lam dan anga min lamtîr an tum a, ess chu kan harsat a nih pawhin es tih pawhin a sual thui lo vang e. Esi hi chu a dik thei lo hrim hrim a, sikul tih te hi esi-i-kul tia lam a ngai ang. 



T - Tri tia kan lam rîk avang hian t hi tr tia thlak rawtna hi a awm ta zeuh zeuh a. T tia kan ziak dâwn hian t hnuaiah chhun han (.) hi chhut chawp zel a lo ngai a, computer lamah a lo awm lo bawk nen, tunhma atangin lo hmang tawh ni ila chuan a tha mai a. Pu Buangate’n a leh w inkawp aw chu au tia lam lovin Sâp tawnga law tia aw anga lam tur an ti a. C leh h inkawp ch chu si-eich tia lam lovin sap tawnga church tiha ch anga lam tur an ti bawk a. N leh g inkawp ng chu enji tia lam lovin sap tawnga sing tiha ng ang hian lam tur an tihte ang hian, t leh r inkawp tr chu tiar tia lam lovin Sâp tawnga try tiha tr (ta)anga lam rîk tur lo ti se chu kan pawm thlup ang tih a rinawm. Amaherawhchu, tunlaiah chuan awlsam takin computer-ah t hi a siam theih tawh a, kan hman than tawh avangin t zui zel a tha mai âwm e. Tringtrang tih te, naupang a trhiangin an trhu han tihte chu Sâp tawng chhiar thiam tân lo chuan lam dik a har tawh zâwk awm e. 


Tin, Suaka’n t hi thaw tia lam a ni, a lo tih hi hriat sual palh niin a lang bawk. Pu Buangate’n he hawrawp mal an lâkna, Shaha-a ziakah chuan t hi Bengali tawnga taw a ti a, Hindi-ah ta a ni. Chuvangin, a tirah chuan taw tia lam a ni zâwk ang tih a hriat theih a. Pu Buangate’n Suakate an zirtîr laiin an lam rîk dan a Sâp deuh vang emaw, an man fuh loh deuh vang emawin an ti thaw ta niin a lang. 



Brojo Nath Shaha khan t bakah th a telh a, chu chu thaw tia lam a ti a. Mizo tawngah th hi chu ch leh ng te anga hawrawp inkawpa hman tul a ni ve lo va, Pu Buangate khan an telh lo reng a ni. Ti tia kan lam rîk tak pawh hi Zosâpthara kut thlâk niin a lang. C kan nei lo va, a aiah Ch kan nei a, chu chu Pu Buanga-te khân Z dawtah an dah, tiin Pu Suaka’n a sawi a, ..u, v, z, ch tiin. Rev. Saiaithanga pawhin chutiang chuan an lo dah niin a ziak bawk a. Hei pawh hi Pu Suakate a aw b zir tirh lai khân z dawtah an ch a ni a nih pawhin rei lo teah alphabetical order-a dahin b dawtah ch an lo dah thuai a ni tih chu kum 1897-a Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai Language bu, 1898-a chhuakah kan hmu thei. 



12. A aw b thiam hmasa ber Thangphunga leh Suaka: 


An A aw b siam zir thiam hmasa ber chu Pu Buanga hian a sawi chiang tâwk a; Thangphunga leh Suaka, Mizo tawng zirtîrtute kha an ni a. Pu Suaka’n a aw b an zir dan a sawiah chuan, ‘‘Heng hi(a aw b) chu ni sarih lekah kan thiam thei mai a, awl pawh kan ti hle a...’’a lo ti a. Sikul an hawn hma pawhin Pu Buangate kha an chekawi zinga miteho chu ziak leh chhiar zirtîr an lo tum tawh a; mahse, tu mahin an zir ngam rih lo. Thangphunga leh Suaka chuan mi dang ngam loh chu ngamin an zir tan ta a, kâr khat chhungin thumal lam khat chi chu an thiam hman a, thla khat chhungin Pu Buangate ziak zawng zawng an chhiar thiam hman vek a. 



Hemi hma hian Bawrhsâp office-a Vai babu-ten Thangphunga leh Suaka hi Bengali an lo zirtîr tawh thin a. Pu Buangate sikulah khân thla khat chhungin chhiar chu an thiam hle hman a, ziak erawh chu an thiam thawkhat chauh a la ni. Engpawh ni se, kum 1894, April thla chhungin Thangphunga leh Suaka hian ziak leh chhiar an thiam hman ngei a ni tih kan hre chiang a, Mizo zinga a aw b hmanga ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber an ni ta a ni. 



13. Engati nge Khamliana hi ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber kan lo tih?


Khamliana, Lungleng lal hi Pu Buanga hian an thian, an zirlai zinga thiam thei leh tha berte zinga mi a nih thu hi Sâp rama chawl tawh, Thangliana hnenah kum 1912 khân a lo zu hrilh a. ‘Thangphunga leh Suaka te zir thiam hnua an sikula zir leh hmasate chu Sailo lal pahnih, Khamliana leh Khama an ni,’ tia Pu Buanga’n a lo sawi ang hian, kum 1894 October ni 26-ah Khamliana hian ziak leh chhiar a zir ve ta a ni. Dr. Lalzâma chuan, “Khamliana hian ziak leh chhiar chu zan 13 chhungin a thiam hman a, Khawrihnima a haw hnuah an khuaa sakei an aih thu, ziakin lehkha a thawn,” a ti. Upate sawi dan chuan meihawl a rawt dip a, chu chu chingal thlawrnain a thlifim a, hmunphiah kuang suih zumin lehkha ziak nân a hmang ta a ni. Pu Buangate’n Khamliana lehkha an lo hmuh chuan mak an tiin an lâwm hle a ni. An sikula zir chhuak hnen atanga lehkhathawn an dawn hmasak ber chu an hlutin an roh hle a, Pu Buanga khan chhuang takin a nu leh pa hmuh atân Sâp ramah a thawn thla a, anni pawhin mak an tiin an lo lâwm ve hle a. A pa thih hnuah Pu Buanga nu chuan Mizoramah a rawn thawn let a, khawiah nge a riral tak hriat a ni lo. 



He lehkhathawn avang hian Sailo lal Khamliana hi a aia ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa Thangphunga leh Suaka te aiin a lâr phah ta zâwk a ni. A lehkhathawn hun hi B. Lalthangliana chuan kum 1894, April thla niin a ziak a, Khamliana hian October ni 26-ah a zir tan a, ni 13 hnuah a haw a. A haw hnu kâr khatah lehkha a ziak tih a ni bawk a, chuvângin, a lehkhathawn hun hi November thla tâwp lam a ni tih a hriat chian theih ta a ni. Mi dang aia a thiam hma chhan pawh hi tun hmain silai license-a thuziak thenkhatte chu a awmzia hre hlei lova a lo ziah chhâwn thin vang a ni, tiin Pu Buanga khan a lo ziak a.


Chutiang chuan a aw b neih hlima kutziak ngeia a thiamna lo pho lang hmasa, lal fing tak a lo ni a, hun lo kal zelah chuan ziak leh chhiar thiam hmasa ber chu Khamliana nia ngaiin an lo sawi chhâwng ta zel a ni. 


14. Tlangkawmna leh A AW B ziak dan thar rawtna.


Upa Hualkunga chuan kum 1960 vela Shillong-a lehkha an zirlaiin Mizo Bible chu Khasi leh Naga leh hnam dangte pawhin awlsam taka an chhiar thin thu a sawi: ‘‘Mizo hawrawp hi khawvela tawng chhiar awl ber a ni hial awm e, hnam dang pawhin an chhiar thei khawp nia,’’ a lo ti a. Hei hian ngaihtuahna a ti thui hle. Kum 1979-a Pachhunga College-a P.U. kan zir laiin Prof. Siamkima khan USA-a M.A. a zirlai chanchin a sawiah chuan, ‘‘Mizo tawng hi a thlukna kan neih tlem avangin hnam dang tan chhiar dik a harsa a, vawi khat chu kan zirtirtunu hian a thlukna dah vek tura min tih anga ka dah hnu chuan pai miah lovin a chhiar thei vek a ni,’’ a ti a. 



Hengte hi kan hawrawp thatzia sawi lanna tlemte chauh a ni a, Pu Buangate khan chutiang taka hawrawp tha, Mizo tawng nena inmil tak mai min lo siamsak reng a ni tih hi hriat thar leh a tha awm e. A famkim tawk lohna chu kan hmu ngei ang, chu chuan a thatna hi min hmuh hmaihtir lo sela. Hawrawp tha tak min lo phuahkhawmsak avangin Pu Buanga leh Sap-upate chungah kan lawm a, Pu Buangate entawn tur mithiam, Thangliana leh Shaha te, Hunter-a te leh midang kan sawi takte khan tawng ziah chhuahna hawrawp tha tak tak an lo duang chhuak kha a vanneihthlak hle bawk a ni. Tin, tuna kan hawrawp chikim hi min lo remkhawmsak avangin Zosapthara chungah kan lawm bawk a ni. Anniho vang hian hun reilote chhungin lehkha kan lo zir sang thei a, kutziak mai ni lo, khawl hmangin thu leh hla kan lo thehdarh hma thei a ni si a. 



Tuna kan a aw b ziak dan hi a tha tawk hle chungin Sap tawng (English) alphabetical order a la zawm kim lo deuh va. Computer-a index han siam dâwn hian ng chu n hmunah a lo kal zel a, hei hi Sâp tawng mila siam a nih tlat vang a ni. Chuvangin, g dawtah ng lovin, n dawtah hian ng ta mai ila, Computer nen a inmil bâkah, kan hawrawp chu Sap tawng alphabetical order mil thlapin kan siam a lo ni bawk dâwn si a, a tha hlein a rinawm. Chutiang chuan a dawta aw awm ang hian n dawta ng dah chu kawng engkimah a dik zawk a ni. Chubakah hmanna kan neih loh hawrawp mal kan neih j hi paih tawh bawk ila. Kan a aw b ziak dan pawh hetiang hian a lo danglam tawh ang: 


a aw b ch d e f g h i k l m n ng o p r s t t u v z 



(He paper hi Mizo Academy of Letters(MAL)-in seminar an buatsaih, December ni 1, 2006-a an buatsaihah chhiar chhuah a ni a. A sei deuh avangin hetah hi chuan a kaihtawiin, footnotes leh appendix te, bibliography te tihlan tel a ni lo.

- Editor - Lengzem).



Tuesday, April 6, 2021

HMUNHMELȚHA KHUA ALO DIN CHHUAHNA DAN LEH KAPA SANGA(LAL) HMUNHMELȚHA CHANCHIN ZIAKNA - EX. HAV. LALPANA

          A hmasain ka ziah dan tlem han sawi ngaiin ka hria a. Ka Pa hian a thil sawite hi kan Naupan avangin kan hriat dante a indawt dan kan hre chiang lova a inluhthelh nuaiin ka ring a, ka Pa damlaia ka la Naupan vang a ni. Chuvangin indawt fel lo mahse ka hriat dan chu ziak țulin ka hre si a ka hriat ang angin ka han ziak mai a ni. Tin, chulovah Lehkhabute leh thil awm rei turte hi ka ziah ve ngai loh avangin ka ziak dan pawh hi a tluangtlam lo hlein ka ring a. Lower Primary pawh pass lo ka nih avangin thu ziak hi ka thiam lo em em a ni.

          A hmasain kan thlahtu bul tawite han sawi i la- Ka Pa Sanga'n a sawi dan chuan, Kan thlahtu chu Hnahhrila a ti a, ka Pa Pa hi Ngura ani. Hmar Tlangte-ah pawh Katchawi kan ni a, kan Pu Hnahhrila leh ka Pu Ngura inkarah hian chhuan eng zat nge awm tih kan hre lo. Ka Pa sawi dan chuan a Naupan laiin Khawkawnah an awm thu a sawi a. Chiahpui te, Zawngin te, Phaileng te, Khawruhlianah te kan awm țhin a. Champhai an lo luh dawn hian Lalzika khua Buhbanah awmin hemi kum hi 1897, Champhaia Assam Rifles lo luh rual a ni.

          Tin, ka Pa hi a tunhma nun han sawi hmasa ila- ka Pa te unau hi 3 an ni a, an upat dan indawt chu- 1) Thangzathluaii 2) Thangvela 3) Sanga (LAL) a ni. Tin, an Naupan tet laiin Hripui-ah an Nu leh Pa in an thihsan a, Fahrahin an awm a, an rethei em em țhin a ni. A Pa Ngura thih pawh hian thlan anmahniin an lai a an phum niin a sawi. Thlan laitu an awm loh avangin a khua in an damlo ang a, thlan laitu an awm lo ani in ka ring. Tin, Mizorama Vai an lo len hma hian Vairamah te kal in Sihlet-ah te, Silchar-ah te a kal țhin a. Sihleta Muslim ho pathian biak in kawta an Sangha khawi thute a sawi țhin a. Chu Dil chu tun thleng khuan a la awm a ni. Haflong rel kawng tura tlang an verhnaah te khuan a tel ve a, a ma sawi dan chuan an leiverh a chim țhin a, mi tam tak an thih țhin avangin leivung Kho khat ruhin Rs. 1-0-0 an hlawh zel a, leivung an va lak apiangin a pawnah hlawh petu an lo awm a, Tangka thir an lo pe nghal zel a ni.

          Tin, he ta a sawi thil dang chu, "Leiverhna bulah Zu zawrhna a awm a, Kani pawh zawrh phal vek a ni. Zu an in ruih deuh loh chuan lut ngam an awm lo a, Zu an inrui a an lut leh mai țhin a ni a ti. Tin vawikhat chu Silcharah khuan Mitdawivaih hi a hmu a, Serthlum chi hi a tuh a, Rawmawlin a khuh a, Tui hi a han theh a, a lo țiak a, Rawmawlin a khuh leh a, tui a theh leh a, a țhang sang zel a, a lo rah a, a hmin min eitir a. A chi kha ka hawn a kan khuaah ka sawi a, Mitdawivaih a ni tih ka hre silo a,  tuman an awih lo va, Sangdawheha min ti te an awm nual a ni," a ti.

          Tin Vairama a kal țhin avang hian an leileh dante a lo en ngun viau țhin a nih a rinawm, Tarmita Mizoram Bawrhsap hnena Champhaia leileh a lo dil danah hian. Thlai chin te, Leileh te, Thingpui chin te, huan siam te, In tha te leh intihthianghlim te an uar em em a. Vai zingah a lo chet rei em avangin ei leh in ah te vai ang maiin Chawhmeh siam a thiam a ni. Vailen hma khan Saizahawla chu ka Pa aiin a upa hle ani awm e. Tlangval puitling in Tlangval tleirawl hi kawp ta ila chutiang chu niin a insawi. Saizahawla ho hian Tuibuak an kap a, Paite ti mai i la Sukte te pawh an ti awm e, 250 lai an ni a, rei fe an inkah hnuah Tuibuak chu an va la ta a. Sazuk Ki țha pui pui leh Ramsa dang Lu pawh a tam ngawt mai a ti. Chutia an inkah lai chuan, "ka bula mi a lu-ah an rawn kap a, a thi hneh hle mai a ti".

          Saizahawla nen hian thil tam tak an ti dun țhin a, "kan Pi leh Pu te chuan tuna Vai kan tih khu Kawrvai an ti kher țhin a, Saizahawla'n amahin Kawrvai a run a, Tuirial dungah min lo hmuak ang che a ti a, kan intiam ni a inhmu turin ka kal ta a. Tuirial dunga zan tam tak amah tawk tura ka kal hnuin kan intawk ta a. Ni tam tak Sahriak thih lova a awm chu a hram bum mai a; min lo tihțhaih lehnghal a chumi ni a Saizahawla ka hlauh zia mai chu a Palian si a, a hram bum mai a, a hmel han en in hlauhawm tak a ni. Kawrvai lu pakhat a rawn hawn a, huaisen lawmman atan tiin a khuain min lo hmuak a, Arkeziak Saizahawla nen min ban," ka Pa chuan a ti.

           Tin, he thu hi Puilo khua Thullumapain, "kan naupan lai ania, a hmuahna ah pawh hian ka tel ve a, dawt a ni lo," a ti. 

          Vai lo lian chu an lo kap a, Saizahawla hian vai Sipoy silai keini chuan Perhpawng-lamtual kan ti a ni awm e, a țhen chuan Kaihphai an ti, Silai a la a, chu chu Vailianin an rawn la leh ta a ti. Kan Lal hnenah Vai Silai in lak kha min pe rawh u an ti țhin a, pek tum niawm takin a la a, a zut a zut a, ka Silai hi chu a țha ania aw a ti a, a dah leh mai țhin a. Kan Lal a manganga Sanga nangman Saizahawla Silai hi kan laksak thei silo a min laksak rawh tiin min ngen a. Vai lakah chuan hel tur a ni lo, midang ta pawh hi an la leh vek dawn ka ti a, ka laksak ta a.

          Ka Pa chanchin han sawi hian Saizahawla hi sawi tel loh theih a ni lo a, an inkawp tlat avang hian. "Saizahawla hi a chak em em a, Hruipui kan chhat a, Thingzar lian fe a zem tlat mai a, kan pahnihin kan pawt a, kan pawt thla thei lova. 'Sanga, kiang rawh i hnawk' a ti a, amahin a han pawt a, thingzar nen a tla tawp mai a. Kan inzui chhungin he mi țum anga a chakna a tihlan ka hre lo," ka pa chuan a ti hial a ni 

          Heng lai Vai lo luh hian  kan sawi tawh ang in ka pa chu Vairamah a lo kal tawh țhin avangin Vailianin țawng lettuah an hmang ta a. Mizovin Rahsi kan tih ang hian an hmang a. Khawchhete a Pabuanga chuan i pa leh kei hi Mizorama Rahsi hmasaber kan ni a ti. Tin, Vailian hian an țawng lettuah an hruai zel a, Buallawn khua leh Tlaikuang khua min hal tir a ti. Chumi hnu chuan Mizoramah Tarmita kha Bawrhsapin a lo awm ta a, Vai leh Mizo pawh an lo inrem tawh a. Tarmita hnenah Champhaia leileh hi a dil ta a, Tarmita chuan Champhaia leileta Headman ni turin khaw siam tura phalna a pe ta a ni. Hetih lai hian Lalzika khua Buhbana an awm lai a ni.


Champhai lut tura inpuahchahna

          Ka Pa sawi danin "Lalzika hi Lalțha tak a ni a, michhiate hi hmangaih em em a, kei ngei pawh hi min hmangaih a ni" a ti. Lalzika khua atangin ka nu Lalnemi Zokhawsang a mi, Biate hnam chu nupuiah a nei a. "Chuta tang chuan Buh kan faia, kan nupa in Buhfai tukkhum tawnga phurin Champhai kan pan ta a. Assam Rifles rualin kan lut ta ani" a ti.

          Tunhmaa Champhai lo awm dan tlangpui deuh chu hetiang hi a ni. Hmarho an lo awm hmasa a, Lung pawh tam tak an phun a, Zoteah phei chuan Hmarho Sikpui Lung tun thlengin a la awm. Champhaia an Lung phun dang tuna Mangkhaia Lung an tih te hi Hmarho phun a ni. An Ral thah lem te an ziak a, Chhura fa rep te an ti a. Mangkhaia hi lung lian leh tam tak phun tur a ni lo. A pa hi Mangthawnga a ni. Tuchhinah sawn a lal a, Champhaiah hian Mangkhaia a rawn indang a, khaw tlemte an nih laiin Pawi ralin an rawn man ta a ni. A mantu hi Darkawlchhuna a ni ang-

          Dara sawngka lerah ka chuan a,

          Min tlan duh lo ka pa Mangthawnga'n;

        Kan neih rocher zawng tlangthangna e.

(Kum 1700 hma lam a ni in a lang) tiin hla a phuah a ni. Champhaiah hian Sava chikhat Mangkhaiaralveng an ti a, a hming a lar hle mai. Zanah a muhil ve ngai lo a ni ang, ral a hmuh in emaw eng emaw a hmuh in a hram tuar tuar țhin. He Sava a hram hian Mangkhaia'n ral an lo kal a ni tih a hre țhin a, chu chu Mangkhaiaralveng an tih phah ta a ni. Heng lo pawh hi Sava chi tam tak a awm- Kanghlai te, Ngawihup te, Tuiva-ar chi tam tak a awm a, Ramsa leh Sakei an tam em em a ni.

          Hemi hnu hian Vanhnuailiana a lo Lal leh a, Ruantlangah kum 1869-1872 vel lalin kum 3 vel an awm a ni. Vanhnuailiana khan thlang a tla ta a, Champhai hi ram ruak a ni ta a, Sailo lal tumahin an ram atan an nei ngam lo. Kanghlai leh Ngawihup hram mak tak tak zanah a tam țhin avangin Ramhuaiah an puh a, tuman luah ngam lovin ram ruakin a awm ta a ni. Champhai zawl hi Pumphir deuh vekin a khat a, kal harsa tak a ni.

          Kum 1897 Sipoy ruala ka pa a han luh chuan Sipai mai lo chu tumah an awm lo. "He ta Assam Rifles Subedar hi a hming tak ka hre lo, mahse mizovin Awsina an ti a, chumi bukte chu zar zawmin ka awm ve a, mahse a kang ta a, Sesih tlangah khuan ka insawn a. Sesih tlang ațangin kum 1898 ah Hmunhmelțha-ah ka insuan leh a. Tin, kan buh phurh kha kan eizo mai si a, tuna Paite khua Mualnuam leh Ngawsinah te Vaimim kan phur țhin. Kum hnihna (1901) tawp lamah khua tlemte kan nei ve ta a, he ta țhenawm kan neih hma hian Chhawlbukah kan awm a. I nu hi thiin a hawrh a, Sakeiin min vel ve reng mai si a, i nu in, 'Hawh Sanga kan khuaah khan i kir leh mai ang, kan lalte kha an țha si a, hetah chuan tuma hmuh lovin kan thi mai dawn alawm,' a ti a. Kei pawh chuan zanah chuan kir leh mai chu a țha in ka ring a, 'khua a lo var a nga kan kir leh dawn nia,' ka ti a. A tuk khua chu a lo var a, Sakei kha a awm ta lo a, i nu thiin a hawrh pawh kha a reh leh ta a, kan hel leh ta a, chuta tanga rei vak lovah chuan țhenawm tur kan nei ta a ni," ka pa chuan a ti. Tichuan midang pawhin leileh chu an duh ve a, Tarmita'n a pe zel a; Butpawla'n min dawt a, a hnuah chuan Satinvela, Savawma, Hlawnchina, Thangțhiaua, Chengaia te ho an lo awm ve ta a. Champhaiah chuan leilet siam kan tam a, Tuna khaw hming - Zote, Ruantlang, Chhungte, Chawnchhim te hi Hmar lo awm hmasa te hnam hming ang khan an khaw hmingte a  lo awm ta a ni.

          Kum 1898-ah Hmunhmelțha-ah a insawn phei a, chuta țang chuan leileh hi a țan nghal a. Bawrhsapin Bawngpa a pe a, chung Bawng hmingte chu hengte hi an ni- 

1. Dumkikuala

2. Punga

3. Pawla

4. Dumnakranga

5. Tumpanga

6. Sairawmunga

7. Vartea

8. Varpuia

9. Kuara

10. Lalea. An vaiin 10 an ni.   

Heng Bawng chhawra leileh zirtir tur hian Midum  pe bawk. Tin, Champhaia an Buh chin turin Manipur buh leh Ralleng buh a dil a, a pe bawk.  Tin, Alu chi a dil leh a, a pe leh a. In țha sak nan Thingzaina Ara pahnih a dil chu a pe bawk a, Silai nen. Tin, Champhai leilet chawmtu atan tuilak te an siamsak a, tuna Keilungliaha Manding tui lak an tih hi Sipoy hovin lunghalna nena an laihsak a ni. Hetah hian ka pa chuan, "Rs 150 leh Vawkpa sum 5 ka pe ve," a ti. Tin, hei lo hi, "Manding Sap a lo kalin Dalim thei a ei a, a chi chu kan tuh a, thei kan nei ve ta a, chu chu tun thlenga Manding thei kan tih tak hi a ni," a ti.

          Kan thu kalsan takah khan han kir leh hlek i la, ka pa Naupan lai hian an inkhualtelem na ah te hian, "Lal ka nih hun chuan hetiang hian khua ka siam ang ka ti a, lung te ka tlar a, kawtthler leh Zawlbuk tur te, Lal in(a ma in tur) te ka siam țhin a. Tlangval sual deuh te chuan min tihchhiatsak țhin a, Tlangval țha deuh te chuan, 'engah nge in tihchhiatsak kher Naupang an inkhualtelem mai mai a ni a, tihchhiat kher tur em ni,' ti tawk te an awm a, an inhnial luai luai țhin," a ti. Tin, Sipai chinchang hre ve tur chuan Sipai bel nawtah pawh rei lo deuh chu a țanga, tin, Mizoțawng chhiar thei tur chuan School pawh a kal. Ka Ni Thangzathluaii sawi dan chuan, "School ka kal dawn a ti țhin a, i thatchhiat vang mai mai a ni kan ti țhin," a ti.

          Tin, Hmunhmelțhaa khua ang deuh a mi an lo awm hnu chuan Kalkawng dung kawngpui chu a diak loh nan Rawra an chhu vak a, chu chu keipawhin ka hmu ve hman a ni. Khawtlang tihthianghlim hi a uar em em a, kumtin khawlai phiatfai tur leh dai vel samfai turin hnatlang a ko a, a khuain an hnatlang țhin. Tin, Hmunphiattu a la a, chu chuan nitin a phiat țhin a; a hlawh atan Buh an khawn țhin, mirethei deuh te a phiahtir țhin. Tin, nitin deuhthawin khawlai a fang chhuak vek zel a, khawlai bawlhhlawh leh inhnuai bawlhhlawh chu a phiahfaisak mai a, an hmunphiahna tur chhepchher hmunphiah a siamsak a, tumah khawlai tibawlhhlawh ngam an awm ngai lo. Ka Pa chu a Chal a  bawk avangin Sangchalbawka an ti mai țhin a, a lar phah mah mah zawk a, "Sangchalbawka'n a rawn hmuh hma in khawlai phiatfai ru," tiin an fa te an tir țhin a, a lo rei deuh chuan ngaiah kan neih a, kan intifai țhin.

          Tin, ka Pa in a ngaih pawimawh em em pakhat chu Kalkawng hi a ni. Nakinah Tawlailir leh Motor te a lo kal hun atan tiin Champhai feh kawng leh khawlai kawng chu Motor kal theihna a laih vek a ni. Chu chu hmu ve hman lovin kum 1944 khan a khua leh tui te kalsanin a rawng a lo bawl țhin a Lalpa hnenah a kal ta. A chaklai hian khawtlang enkawl leh Pathian thusawia vak reng reng a ni. Bible milem lian pui pui zial hi a pu a, Pathian thusawi hi a hna pakhat a ni a; zing dar 8 atanga dar 10 vel thlengin Thingpui huan hnai leh Anțam huan a siam țhin a, a bak chu khawlai len nan a hmang țhin. Mirethei leh rethei lote In pawh angkhat vekin a leng vek a, Naupiang an awmin a hriat veleh a remchang hmasaah an hming sa turin a kal țhin. A khua te hian an nel em em a, tumah huat bik a nei ngai lo a, hmeithaite leh miretheite țanpui turin Phungbawm a sawmsak a, leileh lai mahnia puitlin thei lo te chu an thawhpui țhin. Miretheite leh Chhangchhiate hi, "In fate an lo seilian anga mi awh in la ni ang, lungngai reng reng suh u," tiin a thlamuan thin a. Hun a lo kal zel a, tunah chuan miretheite kha an lo seilian a, mi awh tham tlingin an in leh lo a lo puitling a, an lo dingchhuak ta a ni. Hmunhmelțha khua hian hnathawh leh themthiamna lam an uar ta reng a ni.

          Khawchhunga mi zawng zawngin huan nghet, leilet leh In țha nei vek turin a fuih țhin. An thlai chin hmasak pawl a langsar chu Thingpui ani. Tin, Rua leh Mau hi a awm ve lo a, an phun nasa hle. Ram kal ngai lovin Rua leh Mau chu huanah a tam ta hle mai a ni.

     Tin, he khua a lo lut hmasa pawlte chu; Zuna, Aițhuama, Tea, Tuahhranga, Roeka, Patea, Khamtea, Pu Chala, Pu Chhunga, Hranglalthanga, Chhunga, Zingruma, Tekrawia, Suakdaia, Chal-eka, Doliana, Kaiphunga, Famthangi, Khualluti, Chawiveli, Aihleia, Tuvea, Liansata, Chaldailova, Pahauva, Vainanga, Thangleta, Haukaia, Lianluta, Phira, Tlanghauha, Neihsela, Zuanhleiha, Chawnga, Kungbawnga, Panghinga, Pu Chhinga, Laipuia, Khuangthulha, Bangi(Tirhkoh), Thinghnuaia, Sanga(Lianlunga Pa), Chala(Saikhuma Pa), Chhuanhranga, Darkhawtawpa.


          SANGA HMUNHMELȚHA LAL

     Pian kum :- 1875

     Thih ni :- 7.4.1944

     Rorel chhung :- Kum 48


          LALNEMI (SANGA NUPUI)

     Pian kum :- 1885

     Thih ni :- 23.4.1935

     Rorel chhung :- Kum 37


          SANGA FA TE

     1. Phaikhawrenga

     2. Ruala

     3. Vana

     4. Hmawngkungi

     5. Chintini

     6. Hrilchunga

     7. Sailova

     8. Lalpana

     9. Lalphuti